style: resolve the remaining ruff findings

Auto-fixes (UP037, UP038, F401, I001, SIM105, RUF100) plus hand-fixes:
drop the now-unused `Union` imports, annotate mutable class attributes
with ClassVar, raise ValidationError instead of blind Exception in the
zero-length test, delete two dead locals, and bind the per-iteration
grid-builder closures to their loop variables (B023).

src/otko/commands/__init__.py

@@ -29,14 +29,6 @@ from otko.commands.grid import (
     SetCoordSystemsCommand,
     SetGridSystemCommand,
 )
-from otko.commands.series_and_patterns import (
-    AddLoadPatternCommand,
-    AddTimeSeriesCommand,
-    DeleteLoadPatternCommand,
-    DeleteTimeSeriesCommand,
-    UpdateLoadPatternCommand,
-    UpdateTimeSeriesCommand,
-)
 from otko.commands.loads import (
     AddElementLoadsCommand,
     AddNodalLoadsCommand,
@@ -63,6 +55,14 @@ from otko.commands.sections import (
     DeleteSectionsCommand,
     UpdateSectionCommand,
 )
+from otko.commands.series_and_patterns import (
+    AddLoadPatternCommand,
+    AddTimeSeriesCommand,
+    DeleteLoadPatternCommand,
+    DeleteTimeSeriesCommand,
+    UpdateLoadPatternCommand,
+    UpdateTimeSeriesCommand,
+)
 from otko.commands.transforms import (
     MirrorCommand,
     MoveNodesCommand,

src/otko/commands/analysis.py

@@ -13,9 +13,7 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 class AddAnalysisCasesCommand(ProjectCommand):
     """Add one or more analysis cases."""
 
-    def __init__(
+    def __init__(self, vm: ProjectViewModel, cases: list[Any], *, text: str | None = None) -> None:
-        self, vm: "ProjectViewModel", cases: list[Any], *, text: str | None = None
-    ) -> None:
         super().__init__(vm, text or f"Add {len(cases)} analysis case(s)")
         self._cases = list(cases)
 
@@ -36,7 +34,7 @@ class AddAnalysisCasesCommand(ProjectCommand):
 class DeleteAnalysisCasesCommand(ProjectCommand):
     """Remove a set of analysis cases."""
 
-    def __init__(self, vm: "ProjectViewModel", case_ids: set[int]) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, vm: ProjectViewModel, case_ids: set[int]) -> None:
         super().__init__(vm, f"Delete {len(case_ids)} analysis case(s)")
         self._case_ids = set(case_ids)
         self._removed: list[tuple[int, Any]] = []
@@ -58,7 +56,7 @@ class DeleteAnalysisCasesCommand(ProjectCommand):
 class UpdateAnalysisCaseCommand(ProjectCommand):
     """Replace an analysis case at a given id."""
 
-    def __init__(self, vm: "ProjectViewModel", new_case: Any) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, vm: ProjectViewModel, new_case: Any) -> None:
         super().__init__(vm, f"Edit analysis case {new_case.id}")
         self._new = new_case
         self._old: Any | None = None

src/otko/commands/base.py

@@ -27,16 +27,16 @@ class ProjectCommand(QUndoCommand):
     :meth:`_notify` exactly once at the end of each.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, vm: "ProjectViewModel", text: str) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, vm: ProjectViewModel, text: str) -> None:
         super().__init__(text)
         self._vm = vm
 
     @property
-    def vm(self) -> "ProjectViewModel":
+    def vm(self) -> ProjectViewModel:
         return self._vm
 
     @property
-    def project(self) -> "Project":
+    def project(self) -> Project:
         if self._vm.project is None:
             raise RuntimeError(f"Cannot apply '{self.text()}': no active project.")
         return self._vm.project

src/otko/commands/combinations.py

@@ -13,9 +13,7 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 class AddCombinationsCommand(ProjectCommand):
     """Add one or more load combinations."""
 
-    def __init__(
+    def __init__(self, vm: ProjectViewModel, combos: list[Any], *, text: str | None = None) -> None:
-        self, vm: "ProjectViewModel", combos: list[Any], *, text: str | None = None
-    ) -> None:
         super().__init__(vm, text or f"Add {len(combos)} load combination(s)")
         self._combos = list(combos)
 
@@ -36,7 +34,7 @@ class AddCombinationsCommand(ProjectCommand):
 class DeleteCombinationsCommand(ProjectCommand):
     """Remove a set of load combinations."""
 
-    def __init__(self, vm: "ProjectViewModel", combo_ids: set[int]) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, vm: ProjectViewModel, combo_ids: set[int]) -> None:
         super().__init__(vm, f"Delete {len(combo_ids)} load combination(s)")
         self._combo_ids = set(combo_ids)
         self._removed: list[tuple[int, Any]] = []
@@ -60,7 +58,7 @@ class DeleteCombinationsCommand(ProjectCommand):
 class UpdateCombinationCommand(ProjectCommand):
     """Replace a load combination at a given id."""
 
-    def __init__(self, vm: "ProjectViewModel", new_combo: Any) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, vm: ProjectViewModel, new_combo: Any) -> None:
         super().__init__(vm, f"Edit load combination {new_combo.id}")
         self._new = new_combo
         self._old: Any | None = None

src/otko/commands/constraints.py

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 class AddEqualDOFConstraintCommand(ProjectCommand):
     """Append an ``equalDOF`` constraint to the project (undoable)."""
 
-    def __init__(self, vm: "ProjectViewModel", constraint: EqualDOFConstraint) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, vm: ProjectViewModel, constraint: EqualDOFConstraint) -> None:
         super().__init__(
             vm,
             f"Add equalDOF {constraint.retained_node}->{constraint.constrained_node}",
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class UpdateEqualDOFConstraintCommand(ProjectCommand):
     """
 
     def __init__(
-        self, vm: "ProjectViewModel", index: int, new_constraint: EqualDOFConstraint
+        self, vm: ProjectViewModel, index: int, new_constraint: EqualDOFConstraint
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(vm, f"Edit equalDOF row {index + 1}")
         self._index = index
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ class UpdateEqualDOFConstraintCommand(ProjectCommand):
 class DeleteEqualDOFConstraintCommand(ProjectCommand):
     """Remove ``equalDOF`` constraints by table-row index (no cascade)."""
 
-    def __init__(self, vm: "ProjectViewModel", indices: set[int]) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, vm: ProjectViewModel, indices: set[int]) -> None:
         super().__init__(vm, f"Delete {len(indices)} constraint(s)")
         self._indices = set(indices)
         self._removed: list[tuple[int, EqualDOFConstraint]] = []

src/otko/commands/elements.py

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ class AddElementsCommand(ProjectCommand):
     """Add one or more elements in a single undoable step."""
 
     def __init__(
-        self, vm: "ProjectViewModel", elements: list[Any], *, text: str | None = None
+        self, vm: ProjectViewModel, elements: list[Any], *, text: str | None = None
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(vm, text or f"Add {len(elements)} element(s)")
         self._elements = list(elements)
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ class AddElementsCommand(ProjectCommand):
 class DeleteElementsCommand(ProjectCommand):
     """Remove a set of elements (no cascade — nodes are not affected)."""
 
-    def __init__(self, vm: "ProjectViewModel", element_ids: set[int]) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, vm: ProjectViewModel, element_ids: set[int]) -> None:
         super().__init__(vm, f"Delete {len(element_ids)} element(s)")
         self._element_ids = set(element_ids)
         self._removed: list[tuple[int, Any]] = []
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ class AssignSectionCommand(ProjectCommand):
     (e.g. trusses, zero-length elements).
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, vm: "ProjectViewModel", element_ids: set[int], section_id: int) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, vm: ProjectViewModel, element_ids: set[int], section_id: int) -> None:
         super().__init__(vm, f"Assign section {section_id} to {len(element_ids)} element(s)")
         self._element_ids = set(element_ids)
         self._section_id = section_id
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ class ConvertElementTypeCommand(ProjectCommand):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        vm: "ProjectViewModel",
+        vm: ProjectViewModel,
         element_ids: set[int],
         target_type: str,
         defaults: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ class ReplaceElementsCommand(ProjectCommand):
     for another while preserving the id and node connectivity.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, vm: "ProjectViewModel", replacements: list[Any]) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, vm: ProjectViewModel, replacements: list[Any]) -> None:
         super().__init__(vm, f"Replace {len(replacements)} element(s)")
         self._replacements = {el.id: el for el in replacements}
         self._previous: dict[int, Any] = {}
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ class UpdateElementFieldsCommand(ProjectCommand):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        vm: "ProjectViewModel",
+        vm: ProjectViewModel,
         element_id: int,
         fields: dict[str, Any],
     ) -> None:
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ class UpdateElementFieldsCommand(ProjectCommand):
 class AssignMaterialCommand(ProjectCommand):
     """Set ``material_id`` on a set of elements (truss-style)."""
 
-    def __init__(self, vm: "ProjectViewModel", element_ids: set[int], material_id: int) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, vm: ProjectViewModel, element_ids: set[int], material_id: int) -> None:
         super().__init__(vm, f"Assign material {material_id} to {len(element_ids)} element(s)")
         self._element_ids = set(element_ids)
         self._material_id = material_id

src/otko/commands/grid.py

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ class SetCoordSystemsCommand(ProjectCommand):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        vm: "ProjectViewModel",
+        vm: ProjectViewModel,
         new_systems: list[CoordinateGridSystem],
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(vm, "Update coordinate/grid systems")
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ class SetGridSystemCommand(ProjectCommand):
     systems at once.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, vm: "ProjectViewModel", new_grid: GridSystem) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, vm: ProjectViewModel, new_grid: GridSystem) -> None:
         super().__init__(vm, "Update grid system")
         self._new_grid = new_grid
         self._previous: GridSystem | None = None

src/otko/commands/loads.py

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ class AddNodalLoadsCommand(ProjectCommand):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        vm: "ProjectViewModel",
+        vm: ProjectViewModel,
         node_ids: set[int],
         forces: tuple[float, float, float, float, float, float],
         pattern_id: int | None = None,
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ class AddElementLoadsCommand(ProjectCommand):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        vm: "ProjectViewModel",
+        vm: ProjectViewModel,
         element_ids: set[int],
         wy: float = 0.0,
         wz: float = 0.0,

src/otko/commands/materials.py

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ class AddMaterialsCommand(ProjectCommand):
     """Add one or more materials in a single undoable step."""
 
     def __init__(
-        self, vm: "ProjectViewModel", materials: list[Any], *, text: str | None = None
+        self, vm: ProjectViewModel, materials: list[Any], *, text: str | None = None
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(vm, text or f"Add {len(materials)} material(s)")
         self._materials = list(materials)
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ class AddMaterialsCommand(ProjectCommand):
 class DeleteMaterialsCommand(ProjectCommand):
     """Remove materials (no cascade)."""
 
-    def __init__(self, vm: "ProjectViewModel", material_ids: set[int]) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, vm: ProjectViewModel, material_ids: set[int]) -> None:
         super().__init__(vm, f"Delete {len(material_ids)} material(s)")
         self._material_ids = set(material_ids)
         self._removed: list[tuple[int, Any]] = []
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ class UpdateMaterialCommand(ProjectCommand):
     otherwise this is an Add+Delete, not an update.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, vm: "ProjectViewModel", new_material: Any) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, vm: ProjectViewModel, new_material: Any) -> None:
         super().__init__(vm, f"Edit material {new_material.id}")
         self._new = new_material
         self._old: Any | None = None

src/otko/commands/nodes.py

@@ -14,9 +14,7 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 class AddNodesCommand(ProjectCommand):
     """Add one or more nodes in a single undoable step."""
 
-    def __init__(
+    def __init__(self, vm: ProjectViewModel, nodes: list[Node], *, text: str | None = None) -> None:
-        self, vm: "ProjectViewModel", nodes: list[Node], *, text: str | None = None
-    ) -> None:
         super().__init__(vm, text or f"Add {len(nodes)} node(s)")
         self._nodes = list(nodes)
 
@@ -41,7 +39,7 @@ class DeleteNodesCommand(ProjectCommand):
     them in their original positions.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, vm: "ProjectViewModel", node_ids: set[int]) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, vm: ProjectViewModel, node_ids: set[int]) -> None:
         super().__init__(vm, f"Delete {len(node_ids)} node(s)")
         self._node_ids = set(node_ids)
         self._removed_nodes: list[tuple[int, Node]] = []  # (index, node)
@@ -95,7 +93,7 @@ class SetRestraintCommand(ProjectCommand):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        vm: "ProjectViewModel",
+        vm: ProjectViewModel,
         node_ids: set[int],
         restraint: tuple[bool, bool, bool, bool, bool, bool],
     ) -> None:
@@ -130,7 +128,7 @@ class UpdateNodeFieldsCommand(ProjectCommand):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        vm: "ProjectViewModel",
+        vm: ProjectViewModel,
         node_id: int,
         fields: dict[str, Any],
     ) -> None:
@@ -168,7 +166,7 @@ class SetMassCommand(ProjectCommand):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        vm: "ProjectViewModel",
+        vm: ProjectViewModel,
         node_ids: set[int],
         mass: tuple[float, float, float, float, float, float],
     ) -> None:

src/otko/commands/project.py

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ class SetUnitsCommand(ProjectCommand):
     so both redo and undo notify (dirty + modelMutated) to refresh.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, vm: "ProjectViewModel", units: UnitSystem) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, vm: ProjectViewModel, units: UnitSystem) -> None:
         super().__init__(vm, f"Set display units to {units.value}")
         self._units = units
         self._previous: UnitSystem | None = None

src/otko/commands/sections.py

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ class AddSectionsCommand(ProjectCommand):
     """Add one or more sections in a single undoable step."""
 
     def __init__(
-        self, vm: "ProjectViewModel", sections: list[Any], *, text: str | None = None
+        self, vm: ProjectViewModel, sections: list[Any], *, text: str | None = None
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(vm, text or f"Add {len(sections)} section(s)")
         self._sections = list(sections)
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ class AddSectionsCommand(ProjectCommand):
 class DeleteSectionsCommand(ProjectCommand):
     """Remove sections (no cascade — elements referencing them must be cleaned separately)."""
 
-    def __init__(self, vm: "ProjectViewModel", section_ids: set[int]) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, vm: ProjectViewModel, section_ids: set[int]) -> None:
         super().__init__(vm, f"Delete {len(section_ids)} section(s)")
         self._section_ids = set(section_ids)
         self._removed: list[tuple[int, Any]] = []
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ class DeleteSectionsCommand(ProjectCommand):
 class UpdateSectionCommand(ProjectCommand):
     """Replace a section's parameters at a given id."""
 
-    def __init__(self, vm: "ProjectViewModel", new_section: Any) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, vm: ProjectViewModel, new_section: Any) -> None:
         super().__init__(vm, f"Edit section {new_section.id}")
         self._new = new_section
         self._old: Any | None = None

src/otko/commands/series_and_patterns.py

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 class AddTimeSeriesCommand(ProjectCommand):
     """Append a :class:`TimeSeries` to the project (undoable)."""
 
-    def __init__(self, vm: "ProjectViewModel", ts: "TimeSeries") -> None:
+    def __init__(self, vm: ProjectViewModel, ts: TimeSeries) -> None:
         super().__init__(vm, f"Add time series '{ts.name or ts.id}'")
         self._ts = ts
 
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class UpdateTimeSeriesCommand(ProjectCommand):
     The new series must carry the same id as the one being replaced.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, vm: "ProjectViewModel", new_ts: Any) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, vm: ProjectViewModel, new_ts: Any) -> None:
         super().__init__(vm, f"Edit time series {new_ts.id}")
         self._new = new_ts
         self._old: Any | None = None
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class DeleteTimeSeriesCommand(ProjectCommand):
     """Remove time series (no cascade — patterns referencing them must be
     cleaned separately; ``validate_references`` catches strays before save)."""
 
-    def __init__(self, vm: "ProjectViewModel", ts_ids: set[int]) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, vm: ProjectViewModel, ts_ids: set[int]) -> None:
         super().__init__(vm, f"Delete {len(ts_ids)} time serie(s)")
         self._ts_ids = set(ts_ids)
         self._removed: list[tuple[int, Any]] = []
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ class DeleteTimeSeriesCommand(ProjectCommand):
 class AddLoadPatternCommand(ProjectCommand):
     """Append a :class:`LoadPattern` to the project (undoable)."""
 
-    def __init__(self, vm: "ProjectViewModel", pattern: "LoadPattern") -> None:
+    def __init__(self, vm: ProjectViewModel, pattern: LoadPattern) -> None:
         super().__init__(vm, f"Add pattern '{pattern.name or pattern.id}'")
         self._pattern = pattern
 
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ class UpdateLoadPatternCommand(ProjectCommand):
     drops the pattern's stored loads.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, vm: "ProjectViewModel", new_pattern: Any) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, vm: ProjectViewModel, new_pattern: Any) -> None:
         super().__init__(vm, f"Edit pattern {new_pattern.id}")
         self._new = new_pattern
         self._old: Any | None = None
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ class UpdateLoadPatternCommand(ProjectCommand):
 class DeleteLoadPatternCommand(ProjectCommand):
     """Remove load patterns (their child nodal/element loads go with them)."""
 
-    def __init__(self, vm: "ProjectViewModel", pattern_ids: set[int]) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, vm: ProjectViewModel, pattern_ids: set[int]) -> None:
         super().__init__(vm, f"Delete {len(pattern_ids)} pattern(s)")
         self._pattern_ids = set(pattern_ids)
         self._removed: list[tuple[int, Any]] = []

src/otko/commands/transforms.py

@@ -15,10 +15,9 @@ All copies inherit the source node's restraint, mass, and name.
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Literal
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Literal
 
 from otko.commands.base import ProjectCommand
-from otko.core import Node
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from otko.viewmodels import ProjectViewModel
@@ -30,7 +29,7 @@ class MoveNodesCommand(ProjectCommand):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        vm: "ProjectViewModel",
+        vm: ProjectViewModel,
         node_ids: set[int],
         offset: tuple[float, float, float],
     ) -> None:
@@ -63,7 +62,7 @@ class ReplicateCommand(ProjectCommand):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        vm: "ProjectViewModel",
+        vm: ProjectViewModel,
         node_ids: set[int],
         element_ids: set[int],
         offset: tuple[float, float, float],
@@ -147,7 +146,7 @@ class MirrorCommand(ProjectCommand):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        vm: "ProjectViewModel",
+        vm: ProjectViewModel,
         node_ids: set[int],
         element_ids: set[int],
         plane: Plane,

src/otko/core/analysis/__init__.py

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ in Phase 6/8.
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import Annotated, Literal, Union
+from typing import Annotated, Literal
 
 from pydantic import Field, PositiveFloat, PositiveInt, model_validator
 
@@ -269,6 +269,6 @@ class ResponseSpectrumCase(Entity):
 
 
 AnalysisCase = Annotated[
-    Union[StaticCase, ModalCase, TransientCase, PushoverCase, ResponseSpectrumCase],
+    StaticCase | ModalCase | TransientCase | PushoverCase | ResponseSpectrumCase,
     Field(discriminator="type"),
 ]

src/otko/core/geometry/elements.py

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Conventions follow OpenSeesPy ``element ...`` commands.
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import Annotated, Literal, Union
+from typing import Annotated, Literal
 
 from pydantic import Field, PositiveFloat, PositiveInt
 
@@ -198,16 +198,14 @@ class QuadElement(Entity):
 
 
 Element = Annotated[
-    Union[
+    TrussElement
-        TrussElement,
+    | CorotTrussElement
-        CorotTrussElement,
+    | ElasticBeamColumn
-        ElasticBeamColumn,
+    | ForceBeamColumn
-        ForceBeamColumn,
+    | DispBeamColumn
-        DispBeamColumn,
+    | ZeroLengthElement
-        ZeroLengthElement,
+    | ZeroLengthSectionElement
-        ZeroLengthSectionElement,
+    | BeamWithHingesElement
-        BeamWithHingesElement,
+    | QuadElement,
-        QuadElement,
-    ],
     Field(discriminator="type"),
 ]

src/otko/core/geometry/grid.py

@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ class GridSystem(BaseModel):
         return data
 
     @model_validator(mode="after")
-    def _sort_and_dedupe(self) -> "GridSystem":
+    def _sort_and_dedupe(self) -> GridSystem:
         for name in ("x_grid_lines", "y_grid_lines", "z_grid_lines"):
             lines: list[GridLine] = list(getattr(self, name))
             lines.sort(key=lambda ln: ln.ordinate)

src/otko/core/loads/__init__.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ pattern is deleted, its loads go with it.
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import Annotated, Literal, Union
+from typing import Annotated, Literal
 
 from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field, PositiveInt, model_validator
 
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ class ResponseSpectrum(Entity):
 
 
 TimeSeries = Annotated[
-    Union[LinearTimeSeries, ConstantTimeSeries, PathTimeSeries],
+    LinearTimeSeries | ConstantTimeSeries | PathTimeSeries,
     Field(discriminator="type"),
 ]
 
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ class LoadCombination(Entity):
     )
 
     @model_validator(mode="after")
-    def _check_items(self) -> "LoadCombination":
+    def _check_items(self) -> LoadCombination:
         """Reject duplicate case ids and non-finite factors."""
         import math
 
@@ -250,6 +250,6 @@ class LoadCombination(Entity):
 
 
 LoadPattern = Annotated[
-    Union[PlainLoadPattern, UniformExcitationPattern, ImposedSupportMotionPattern],
+    PlainLoadPattern | UniformExcitationPattern | ImposedSupportMotionPattern,
     Field(discriminator="type"),
 ]

src/otko/core/materials/__init__.py

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ https://openseespydoc.readthedocs.io/en/latest/src/uniaxialMaterial.html
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import Annotated, Literal, Union
+from typing import Annotated, Literal
 
 from pydantic import Field, PositiveFloat, model_validator
 
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ class Concrete04(Entity):
     )
 
     @model_validator(mode="after")
-    def _tensile_params_consistent(self) -> "Concrete04":
+    def _tensile_params_consistent(self) -> Concrete04:
         if self.fct is not None and self.et is None:
             raise ValueError("et is required when fct is given.")
         if self.et is not None and self.fct is None:
@@ -229,18 +229,16 @@ class HystereticSM(Entity):
 
 # ──────────────────────────── Discriminated union ────────────────────────────
 Material = Annotated[
-    Union[
+    ElasticIsotropic
-        ElasticIsotropic,
+    | ElasticUniaxial
-        ElasticUniaxial,
+    | Steel01
-        Steel01,
+    | Steel02
-        Steel02,
+    | Concrete01
-        Concrete01,
+    | Concrete02
-        Concrete02,
+    | Concrete04
-        Concrete04,
+    | ElasticPP
-        ElasticPP,
+    | HystereticMaterial
-        HystereticMaterial,
+    | HystereticSM,
-        HystereticSM,
-    ],
     Field(discriminator="type"),
 ]
 """Tagged union of every material kind. Pydantic uses ``type`` to dispatch on JSON load."""

src/otko/core/project.py

@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ class Project(BaseModel):
         return data
 
     @model_validator(mode="after")
-    def _ensure_global_system(self) -> "Project":
+    def _ensure_global_system(self) -> Project:
         """Guarantee that a 'Global' entry exists as the first coord system."""
         has_global = any(cs.name == "Global" for cs in self.coord_systems)
         if not has_global:
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ class Project(BaseModel):
         return self
 
     @model_validator(mode="after")
-    def _ensure_indexed(self) -> "Project":
+    def _ensure_indexed(self) -> Project:
         """Wrap every collection in an :class:`_IndexedList` and drop caches.
 
         Runs after each validation pass (construction, ``model_validate``,
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ class Project(BaseModel):
 
     # ─────────────────── invariants ───────────────────
     @model_validator(mode="after")
-    def _check_ndm_ndf(self) -> "Project":
+    def _check_ndm_ndf(self) -> Project:
         valid = {(2, 2), (2, 3), (3, 3), (3, 6)}
         if (self.ndm, self.ndf) not in valid:
             raise ValueError(
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ class Project(BaseModel):
         return self
 
     @model_validator(mode="after")
-    def _check_unique_ids(self) -> "Project":
+    def _check_unique_ids(self) -> Project:
         for label, items in (
             ("node", self.nodes),
             ("material", self.materials),

src/otko/core/sections/__init__.py

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ exactly so the runner can emit them without further translation.
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import Annotated, Literal, Union
+from typing import Annotated, Literal
 
 from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field, PositiveFloat, PositiveInt
 
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ class RectShape(BaseModel):
 
 
 SectionShape = Annotated[
-    Union[PipeShape, AngleShape, RectShape],
+    PipeShape | AngleShape | RectShape,
     Field(discriminator="kind"),
 ]
 
@@ -165,12 +165,12 @@ class StraightLayer(BaseModel):
 
 
 Patch = Annotated[
-    Union[RectangularPatch, CircularPatch],
+    RectangularPatch | CircularPatch,
     Field(discriminator="kind"),
 ]
 
 Layer = Annotated[
-    Union[StraightLayer],
+    StraightLayer,
     Field(discriminator="kind"),
 ]
 
@@ -225,6 +225,6 @@ class SectionAggregator(Entity):
 
 
 Section = Annotated[
-    Union[ElasticSection, FiberSection, SectionAggregator],
+    ElasticSection | FiberSection | SectionAggregator,
     Field(discriminator="type"),
 ]

src/otko/services/animation_export.py

@@ -12,8 +12,9 @@ the main thread.
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import math
+from collections.abc import Callable
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any, Callable
+from typing import Any
 
 import numpy as np
 

src/otko/services/export.py

@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ def _record_calls(project: Project, case_id: int | None) -> list[RecordedCall]:
             runner.build()
         else:
             case = _find_case(project, case_id)
-            if isinstance(case, (StaticCase, ModalCase, PushoverCase)):
+            if isinstance(case, StaticCase | ModalCase | PushoverCase):
                 # Safe to run end-to-end: dummy query results let the
                 # harvesting code finish; queries are filtered at render.
                 runner.run(case)

src/otko/services/peer_record.py

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ building the PathTimeSeries.
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import contextlib
 import re
 from pathlib import Path
 
@@ -64,10 +65,9 @@ def parse_peer_record(path: str | Path) -> tuple[float, int, list[float]]:
     values: list[float] = []
     for line in lines[data_start:]:
         for tok in line.split():
-            try:
+            # Skip stray non-numeric tokens.
+            with contextlib.suppress(ValueError):
                 values.append(float(tok))
-            except ValueError:
-                pass  # skip stray tokens
     if not values:
         raise ValueError("Header parsed but no numeric data lines found.")
     return dt, npts, values
@@ -83,10 +83,8 @@ def parse_plain_values(path: str | Path) -> list[float]:
     vals: list[float] = []
     for line in text.splitlines():
         for tok in line.split():
-            try:
+            with contextlib.suppress(ValueError):
                 vals.append(float(tok))
-            except ValueError:
-                pass
     if not vals:
         raise ValueError(f"{path} contains no numeric values.")
     return vals

src/otko/services/section_bbox.py

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ def _angle_in_arc(angle: float, start: float, span: float) -> bool:
 
 def bbox_for_section(
     section: object,
-    project: "Project | None" = None,
+    project: Project | None = None,
 ) -> tuple[float, float] | None:
     """Return ``(width_y, height_z)`` of the section's local bounding box.
 

src/otko/services/section_properties.py

@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ import numpy as np
 from otko.core.sections import (
     CircularPatch,
     FiberSection,
-    Fibre,
     RectangularPatch,
     StraightLayer,
 )

src/otko/viewmodels/project_vm.py

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ a re-paint without losing camera/selection state.
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import contextlib
 from pathlib import Path
 
 from PySide6.QtCore import QObject, Signal, Slot
@@ -40,10 +41,8 @@ class ProjectViewModel(QObject):
     @Slot(bool)
     def _on_stack_clean_changed(self, clean: bool) -> None:
         # Guard against the late-fire that Qt sends during destruction.
-        try:
+        with contextlib.suppress(RuntimeError):
             self._set_dirty(not clean)
-        except RuntimeError:
-            pass
 
     # ── read ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
     @property

src/otko/views/action_handlers.py

@@ -47,9 +47,9 @@ from otko.views.dialogs import (
     AssignSectionDialog,
     AssignSupportDialog,
     AssignZeroLengthSectionDialog,
-    LoadCombinationManagerDialog,
     CoordinateGridSystemsDialog,
     LinearTimeSeriesDialog,
+    LoadCombinationManagerDialog,
     MaterialLibraryDialog,
     MaterialTesterDialog,
     MirrorDialog,

src/otko/views/canvas3d/diagram_renderer.py

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ Convention:
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import contextlib
 import logging
 from typing import Any
 
@@ -254,10 +255,8 @@ class DiagramRenderer:
                 pass
             self._actor = None
         if self._label_actor is not None:
-            try:
+            with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
                 self._plotter.remove_actor(self._label_actor, render=False)
-            except Exception:
-                pass
             self._label_actor = None
 
     # ── helpers ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────

src/otko/views/canvas3d/model_renderer.py

@@ -10,9 +10,10 @@ Mode-aware: MODEL / DEFORMED / MODAL change only the points array.
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import contextlib
 import enum
 from dataclasses import dataclass
-from typing import Any
+from typing import Any, ClassVar
 
 import numpy as np
 import pyvista as pv
@@ -24,11 +25,11 @@ from otko.core import (
     ElasticBeamColumn,
     ForceBeamColumn,
     NodalLoad,
-    QuadElement,
-    UniformElementLoad,
     PlainLoadPattern,
     Project,
+    QuadElement,
     TrussElement,
+    UniformElementLoad,
     ZeroLengthElement,
     ZeroLengthSectionElement,
 )
@@ -184,8 +185,8 @@ class ModelRenderer:
         r, g, b = (int(round(x * 255)) for x in rgb)
         return f"#{r:02x}{g:02x}{b:02x}"
 
-    _NODE_LUT = ["#d9d9d9", "#00ffff"]  # gray normal, cyan selected
+    _NODE_LUT: ClassVar[list[str]] = ["#d9d9d9", "#00ffff"]  # gray normal, cyan selected
-    _FRAME_LUT = ["#338cd9", "#00ffff"]  # blue normal, cyan selected
+    _FRAME_LUT: ClassVar[list[str]] = ["#338cd9", "#00ffff"]  # blue normal, cyan selected
 
     def __init__(self, plotter: Any, style: RenderStyle | None = None) -> None:
         self._plotter = plotter
@@ -219,10 +220,8 @@ class ModelRenderer:
         # plan view at Z=3 doesn't see the Z=0 grid cluttering the view.
         self._working_plane: tuple[str, float] | None = None
 
-        try:
+        with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
             self._plotter.enable_anti_aliasing("ssaa")
-        except Exception:
-            pass
 
     # ── public API ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
     def render(self, project: Project | None) -> None:
@@ -329,10 +328,8 @@ class ModelRenderer:
         """
         # Remove any previous marker.
         if self._hover_actor is not None:
-            try:
+            with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
                 self._plotter.remove_actor(self._hover_actor, render=False)
-            except Exception:
-                pass
             self._hover_actor = None
 
         if world_point is None:
@@ -376,10 +373,8 @@ class ModelRenderer:
         sphere = pv.Sphere(radius=radius, theta_resolution=8, phi_resolution=8)
         glyph = self._node_pd.glyph(geom=sphere, scale=False, orient=False)
         if self._node_actor is not None:
-            try:
+            with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
                 self._plotter.remove_actor(self._node_actor, render=False)
-            except Exception:
-                pass
         self._node_glyph = glyph
         self._node_actor = self._plotter.add_mesh(
             glyph,
@@ -484,10 +479,17 @@ class ModelRenderer:
                 plane_axis = axis_idx
                 plane_offset_local = plane_off - cs_shift
 
-            def _on_active_plane(local_pt: tuple[float, float, float]) -> bool:
+            # Bind the per-iteration plane state as defaults so the closure
-                if plane_axis is None:
+            # cannot read a later iteration's values (B023); the helper is
+            # only ever called from within this loop body.
+            def _on_active_plane(
+                local_pt: tuple[float, float, float],
+                _axis: int | None = plane_axis,
+                _offset: float | None = plane_offset_local,
+            ) -> bool:
+                if _axis is None or _offset is None:
                     return True
-                return abs(local_pt[plane_axis] - plane_offset_local) < 1e-6  # type: ignore[operator]
+                return abs(local_pt[_axis] - _offset) < 1e-6
 
             # Collect active + dim segments separately so they get their
             # own polydata + actor (different opacity / color).
@@ -496,13 +498,21 @@ class ModelRenderer:
             dim_pts: list[tuple[float, float, float]] = []
             dim_cells: list[int] = []
 
-            def add_seg(p1: tuple[float, float, float], p2: tuple[float, float, float]) -> None:
+            def add_seg(
+                p1: tuple[float, float, float],
+                p2: tuple[float, float, float],
+                _active_pts: list[tuple[float, float, float]] = active_pts,
+                _active_cells: list[int] = active_cells,
+                _dim_pts: list[tuple[float, float, float]] = dim_pts,
+                _dim_cells: list[int] = dim_cells,
+                _cs: Any = cs,
+            ) -> None:
                 on_active = _on_active_plane(p1) and _on_active_plane(p2)
-                bucket_pts = active_pts if on_active else dim_pts
+                bucket_pts = _active_pts if on_active else _dim_pts
-                bucket_cells = active_cells if on_active else dim_cells
+                bucket_cells = _active_cells if on_active else _dim_cells
                 i = len(bucket_pts)
-                bucket_pts.append(cs.coord.local_to_world(p1))
+                bucket_pts.append(_cs.coord.local_to_world(p1))
-                bucket_pts.append(cs.coord.local_to_world(p2))
+                bucket_pts.append(_cs.coord.local_to_world(p2))
                 bucket_cells.extend([2, i, i + 1])
 
             z_planes = zs if zs else [0.0]
@@ -614,7 +624,7 @@ class ModelRenderer:
                 continue
             # By design: area-only / thickness-only / material-only
             # elements carry no section.
-            if isinstance(el, (TrussElement, CorotTrussElement, QuadElement, ZeroLengthElement)):
+            if isinstance(el, TrussElement | CorotTrussElement | QuadElement | ZeroLengthElement):
                 continue
             node_i = node_by_id.get(el.nodes[0])
             node_j = node_by_id.get(el.nodes[1])
@@ -665,18 +675,16 @@ class ModelRenderer:
         diag = self._diag_of_points(self._node_original_points)
         cap = max(diag * 0.08, 1e-6)
         for el in project.elements:
-            if isinstance(el, (QuadElement, ZeroLengthElement, ZeroLengthSectionElement)):
+            if isinstance(el, QuadElement | ZeroLengthElement | ZeroLengthSectionElement):
                 continue
             if not isinstance(
                 el,
-                (
+                ElasticBeamColumn
-                    ElasticBeamColumn,
+                | DispBeamColumn
-                    DispBeamColumn,
+                | ForceBeamColumn
-                    ForceBeamColumn,
+                | BeamWithHingesElement
-                    BeamWithHingesElement,
+                | TrussElement
-                    TrussElement,
+                | CorotTrussElement,
-                    CorotTrussElement,
-                ),
             ):
                 continue
             node_i = node_by_id.get(el.nodes[0])
@@ -1094,15 +1102,11 @@ class ModelRenderer:
         self._clear_label_actors()
         for a in (self._node_actor, self._frame_actor):
             if a is not None:
-                try:
+                with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
                     self._plotter.remove_actor(a, render=False)
-                except Exception:
-                    pass
         for a in self._aux_actors:
-            try:
+            with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
                 self._plotter.remove_actor(a, render=False)
-            except Exception:
-                pass
         self._node_actor = None
         self._frame_actor = None
         self._aux_actors.clear()
@@ -1120,10 +1124,8 @@ class ModelRenderer:
     def _clear_label_actors(self) -> None:
         for actor in (self._node_label_actor, self._element_label_actor):
             if actor is not None:
-                try:
+                with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
                     self._plotter.remove_actor(actor, render=False)
-                except Exception:
-                    pass
         self._node_label_actor = None
         self._element_label_actor = None
 

src/otko/views/dialogs/assign_load.py

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ from PySide6.QtWidgets import (
     QDialogButtonBox,
     QDoubleSpinBox,
     QFormLayout,
-    QInputDialog,
     QLabel,
     QLineEdit,
     QVBoxLayout,

src/otko/views/dialogs/assign_masses.py

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ it maps cleanly onto our existing :class:`SetMassCommand`.
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import contextlib
+
 from PySide6.QtWidgets import (
     QCheckBox,
     QDialog,
@@ -103,10 +105,8 @@ class AssignMassesDialog(QDialog):
             self._my.setValue(self._mx.value())
             self._mx.valueChanged.connect(self._my.setValue)
         else:
-            try:
+            with contextlib.suppress(RuntimeError, TypeError):
                 self._mx.valueChanged.disconnect(self._my.setValue)
-            except (RuntimeError, TypeError):
-                pass
 
     def mass_vector(self) -> tuple[float, float, float, float, float, float]:
         """Return the 6-tuple (Mx, My, Mz, Mxx, Myy, Mzz)."""

src/otko/views/dialogs/assign_support.py

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ model's actual ``ndf`` at translation time.
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from PySide6.QtCore import Qt
 from PySide6.QtWidgets import (
     QButtonGroup,
     QCheckBox,
@@ -22,7 +21,6 @@ from PySide6.QtWidgets import (
     QWidget,
 )
 
-
 # Preset → 6-tuple (Ux, Uy, Uz, Rx, Ry, Rz)
 PRESETS: dict[str, tuple[bool, bool, bool, bool, bool, bool]] = {
     "Free": (False, False, False, False, False, False),

src/otko/views/dialogs/case_forms.py

@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ from PySide6.QtWidgets import (
     QListWidget,
     QListWidgetItem,
     QSpinBox,
-    QVBoxLayout,
     QWidget,
 )
 

src/otko/views/dialogs/case_manager.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
+from pydantic import ValidationError
 from PySide6.QtCore import Qt
 from PySide6.QtWidgets import (
     QDialog,
@@ -19,7 +20,6 @@ from PySide6.QtWidgets import (
     QVBoxLayout,
     QWidget,
 )
-from pydantic import ValidationError
 
 from otko.commands import (
     AddAnalysisCasesCommand,
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ from otko.core import (
     TransientCase,
 )
 from otko.viewmodels import ProjectViewModel
-from otko.views.dialogs.case_forms import FORM_REGISTRY, form_for
+from otko.views.dialogs.case_forms import form_for
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from otko.core import Project

src/otko/views/dialogs/define_grid_data.py

@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ Top-level controls:
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from typing import ClassVar
+
 from PySide6.QtCore import Qt
 from PySide6.QtGui import QColor
 from PySide6.QtWidgets import (
@@ -27,7 +29,6 @@ from PySide6.QtWidgets import (
     QComboBox,
     QDialog,
     QDialogButtonBox,
-    QDoubleSpinBox,
     QFormLayout,
     QGroupBox,
     QHBoxLayout,
@@ -52,7 +53,6 @@ from otko.core.geometry import (
     GridSystem,
 )
 
-
 _LINE_TYPE_CHOICES = ["Primary", "Secondary"]
 _BUBBLE_LOC_CHOICES = ["Start", "End"]
 
@@ -60,7 +60,14 @@ _BUBBLE_LOC_CHOICES = ["Start", "End"]
 class _AxisGridTable(QWidget):
     """A single X/Y/Z spreadsheet — one row per GridLine."""
 
-    COLUMNS = ["Grid ID", "Ordinate", "Line Type", "Visibility", "Bubble Loc", "Color"]
+    COLUMNS: ClassVar[list[str]] = [
+        "Grid ID",
+        "Ordinate",
+        "Line Type",
+        "Visibility",
+        "Bubble Loc",
+        "Color",
+    ]
 
     def __init__(self, axis: str, parent: QWidget | None = None) -> None:
         super().__init__(parent)

src/otko/views/dialogs/grid_system.py

@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ from PySide6.QtWidgets import (
     QDialog,
     QDialogButtonBox,
     QFormLayout,
-    QLineEdit,
     QLabel,
+    QLineEdit,
     QVBoxLayout,
     QWidget,
 )

src/otko/views/dialogs/locate_origin.py

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ from PySide6.QtWidgets import (
     QDoubleSpinBox,
     QFormLayout,
     QGroupBox,
-    QHBoxLayout,
     QLabel,
     QVBoxLayout,
     QWidget,

src/otko/views/dialogs/material_library.py

@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ committed. Each Add/Edit/Delete is its own undoable step.
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from pydantic import ValidationError
 from PySide6.QtCore import Qt
 from PySide6.QtWidgets import (
-    QComboBox,
     QDialog,
     QDialogButtonBox,
     QHBoxLayout,
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ from PySide6.QtWidgets import (
     QVBoxLayout,
     QWidget,
 )
-from pydantic import ValidationError
 
 from otko.commands import (
     AddMaterialsCommand,

src/otko/views/dialogs/path_time_series.py

@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ class PathTimeSeriesDialog(QDialog):
             return
         try:
             dt, npts, vals = parse_peer_record(fname)
-        except Exception as exc:  # noqa: BLE001
+        except Exception as exc:
             QMessageBox.critical(self, "PEER import failed", str(exc))
             return
         self._values = vals
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ class PathTimeSeriesDialog(QDialog):
             return
         try:
             vals = parse_plain_values(fname)
-        except Exception as exc:  # noqa: BLE001
+        except Exception as exc:
             QMessageBox.critical(self, "Import failed", str(exc))
             return
         self._values = vals

src/otko/views/dialogs/quick_grid_lines.py

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ from PySide6.QtWidgets import (
     QDialog,
     QDialogButtonBox,
     QDoubleSpinBox,
-    QFormLayout,
     QGroupBox,
     QHBoxLayout,
     QLabel,

src/otko/views/dialogs/run_analysis.py

@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ class RunAnalysisDialog(QDialog):
             results_dir = self._vm.path.parent / f"{self._vm.path.stem}_results"
         try:
             self._runner.run(self._vm.project, case, results_dir=results_dir)
-        except Exception as exc:  # noqa: BLE001
+        except Exception as exc:
             self._log.appendPlainText(f"Could not start: {exc}")
 
     def _on_evaluate_combo(self) -> None:
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ class RunAnalysisDialog(QDialog):
             self._results = combined
             self._log.appendPlainText(f"--- Done. Returned {type(combined).__name__}. ---")
             self._runner.finished.emit(combined)
-        except Exception as exc:  # noqa: BLE001
+        except Exception as exc:
             import traceback
 
             self._log.appendPlainText("--- FAILED ---")

src/otko/views/dialogs/section_editor.py

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import Any
 
-import numpy as np
 import pyqtgraph as pg
 from PySide6.QtCore import Qt
 from PySide6.QtWidgets import (
@@ -324,7 +323,6 @@ class FiberSectionEditor(QDialog):
             self._props_label.setText("Add patches or layers to see the preview.")
             return
 
-        f = props.fibre_yz
         # Color by material: assign a palette index per unique material_id.
         mat_ids = []
         for p in self._patches:

src/otko/views/dialogs/section_library.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from pydantic import ValidationError
 from PySide6.QtCore import Qt
 from PySide6.QtWidgets import (
     QDialog,
@@ -17,7 +18,6 @@ from PySide6.QtWidgets import (
     QVBoxLayout,
     QWidget,
 )
-from pydantic import ValidationError
 
 from otko.commands import (
     AddSectionsCommand,

src/otko/views/dialogs/uniform_excitation.py

@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ from PySide6.QtWidgets import (
 
 from otko.core import Project, UniformExcitationPattern
 
-
 _DIRECTION_CHOICES: list[tuple[int, str]] = [
     (1, "1 — X (horizontal)"),
     (2, "2 — Y (vertical for ndm=2, lateral for ndm=3)"),

src/otko/views/docks/deformed_shape.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Callable
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
 from PySide6.QtCore import Qt, Signal
 from PySide6.QtWidgets import (

src/otko/views/docks/force_diagram.py

@@ -10,8 +10,6 @@ Exposes two signals:
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-import math
-
 from PySide6.QtCore import Qt, Signal
 from PySide6.QtWidgets import (
     QComboBox,

src/otko/views/docks/hysteresis.py

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ For 2D it's [N1, Vy1, Mz1, N2, Vy2, Mz2].
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import contextlib
 from typing import Any
 
 import pyqtgraph as pg
@@ -337,8 +338,6 @@ class HysteresisView(QWidget):
 
     def _clear_curve(self) -> None:
         if self._curve is not None:
-            try:
+            with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
                 self._plot.removeItem(self._curve)
-            except Exception:
-                pass
             self._curve = None

src/otko/views/docks/property_editor.py

@@ -8,9 +8,8 @@ dumb: no direct Project mutation, no Qt ↔ OpenSees coupling.
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import Callable
+from collections.abc import Callable
 
-from PySide6.QtCore import Qt
 from PySide6.QtWidgets import (
     QComboBox,
     QDoubleSpinBox,
@@ -26,7 +25,6 @@ from PySide6.QtWidgets import (
 
 from otko.core import Project
 
-
 # Element types the Properties dock lets the user switch between.
 # "ElasticBeamColumn" needs a section; "Truss" / "CorotTruss" need a
 # uniaxial material + area. The Convert command drops/adds fields to

src/otko/views/docks/pushover_curve.py

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ from PySide6.QtWidgets import (
     QWidget,
 )
 
-from otko.core import UnitLabels, UnitSystem, labels_for
+from otko.core import UnitSystem, labels_for
 from otko.services.results import PushoverResults
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:

src/otko/views/docks/response_spectrum.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Two panels:
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import pyqtgraph as pg
-from PySide6.QtCore import Signal
+from PySide6.QtCore import Qt, Signal
 from PySide6.QtWidgets import (
     QHBoxLayout,
     QHeaderView,
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ from PySide6.QtWidgets import (
     QVBoxLayout,
     QWidget,
 )
-from PySide6.QtCore import Qt
 
 from otko.core import ResponseSpectrum
 from otko.services.results import ResponseSpectrumResults

src/otko/views/docks/table_dock.py

@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ def _fmt(value: Any) -> str:
         return "—"
     if isinstance(value, float):
         return f"{value:g}"
-    if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
+    if isinstance(value, list | tuple):
         return ", ".join(_fmt(v) for v in value)
     return str(value)
 
@@ -1035,7 +1035,7 @@ class TableDock(QWidget):
             try:
                 key = int(pid)
                 label = name_of.get(key, str(key)) or str(key)
-                parts.append(f"{label}×{float(factor):g}")  # noqa: RUF001
+                parts.append(f"{label}×{float(factor):g}")
             except (TypeError, ValueError):
                 continue
         return ", ".join(parts) if parts else "—"

src/otko/views/docks/time_history.py

@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ runner to record additional series (planned for a later phase).
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import contextlib
 from typing import Any
 
-import numpy as np
 import pyqtgraph as pg
 from PySide6.QtCore import Signal
 from PySide6.QtWidgets import (
@@ -208,9 +208,7 @@ class TimeHistoryView(QWidget):
 
     def _clear_traces(self) -> None:
         for _, _, item in self._traces:
-            try:
+            with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
                 self._plot.removeItem(item)
-            except Exception:
-                pass
         self._traces.clear()
         self._trace_list.clear()

src/otko/views/main_window.py

@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ class MainWindow(
         if state is not None:
             self.restoreState(state)
 
-    def closeEvent(self, event: QCloseEvent) -> None:  # noqa: N802 (Qt override)
+    def closeEvent(self, event: QCloseEvent) -> None:  # (Qt override)
         """Prompt to save unsaved work, then persist the window layout.
 
         The prompt is shown only for a visible window: Qt also closes hidden

src/otko/views/tools/base.py

@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@ class CanvasTool(QObject):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        canvas: "ModelCanvas",
+        canvas: ModelCanvas,
-        vm: "ProjectViewModel",
+        vm: ProjectViewModel,
         parent: QObject | None = None,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(parent)
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ class ToolController(QObject):
     toolChanged = Signal(object)  # emits the new CanvasTool (or None for default)
 
     def __init__(
-        self, canvas: "ModelCanvas", vm: "ProjectViewModel", parent: QObject | None = None
+        self, canvas: ModelCanvas, vm: ProjectViewModel, parent: QObject | None = None
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(parent)
         self._canvas = canvas

src/otko/views/tools/draw_frame.py

@@ -41,9 +41,9 @@ class DrawFrameTool(LinearElementDrawTool):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        canvas: "ModelCanvas",
+        canvas: ModelCanvas,
-        vm: "ProjectViewModel",
+        vm: ProjectViewModel,
-        parent: "QObject | None" = None,
+        parent: QObject | None = None,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(canvas, vm, parent)
 

src/otko/views/tools/draw_node.py

@@ -115,9 +115,9 @@ class DrawNodeTool(CanvasTool):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        canvas: "ModelCanvas",
+        canvas: ModelCanvas,
-        vm: "ProjectViewModel",
+        vm: ProjectViewModel,
-        parent: "QObject | None" = None,
+        parent: QObject | None = None,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(canvas, vm, parent)
 

src/otko/views/tools/draw_truss.py

@@ -37,9 +37,9 @@ class DrawTrussTool(LinearElementDrawTool):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        canvas: "ModelCanvas",
+        canvas: ModelCanvas,
-        vm: "ProjectViewModel",
+        vm: ProjectViewModel,
-        parent: "QObject | None" = None,
+        parent: QObject | None = None,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(canvas, vm, parent)
 

tests/gui/test_analysis_commands.py

@@ -6,12 +6,12 @@ import pytest
 
 pytest.importorskip("PySide6")
 
-from otko.commands import (  # noqa: E402
+from otko.commands import (
     AddAnalysisCasesCommand,
     DeleteAnalysisCasesCommand,
     UpdateAnalysisCaseCommand,
 )
-from otko.core import (  # noqa: E402
+from otko.core import (
     LinearTimeSeries,
     ModalCase,
     NodalLoad,
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ from otko.core import (  # noqa: E402
     StaticCase,
     TransientCase,
 )
-from otko.viewmodels import ProjectViewModel  # noqa: E402
+from otko.viewmodels import ProjectViewModel
 
 
 def _vm_with_pattern() -> ProjectViewModel:

tests/gui/test_analysis_runner.py

@@ -12,21 +12,21 @@ import pytest
 pytest.importorskip("PySide6")
 pytest.importorskip("openseespy.opensees")
 
-from otko.commands import (  # noqa: E402
+from otko.commands import (
     AddAnalysisCasesCommand,
     AddElementsCommand,
     AddNodalLoadsCommand,
     AddNodesCommand,
     AddSectionsCommand,
 )
-from otko.core import (  # noqa: E402
+from otko.core import (
     ElasticBeamColumn,
     ElasticSection,
     Node,
     StaticCase,
 )
-from otko.services.results import StaticResults  # noqa: E402
+from otko.services.results import StaticResults
-from otko.viewmodels import AnalysisRunner, ProjectViewModel  # noqa: E402
+from otko.viewmodels import AnalysisRunner, ProjectViewModel
 
 
 @pytest.fixture

tests/gui/test_assign_load_pattern_name.py

@@ -6,15 +6,14 @@ import pytest
 
 pytest.importorskip("PySide6")
 
-from otko.commands import AddNodalLoadsCommand  # noqa: E402
+from otko.commands import AddNodalLoadsCommand
-from otko.core import (  # noqa: E402
+from otko.core import (
     LinearTimeSeries,
     Node,
     PlainLoadPattern,
-    Project,
 )
-from otko.viewmodels import ProjectViewModel  # noqa: E402
+from otko.viewmodels import ProjectViewModel
-from otko.views.dialogs.assign_load import AssignLoadDialog  # noqa: E402
+from otko.views.dialogs.assign_load import AssignLoadDialog
 
 
 @pytest.mark.gui

tests/gui/test_assign_masses.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import pytest
 
 pytest.importorskip("PySide6")
 
-from otko.views.dialogs.assign_masses import AssignMassesDialog  # noqa: E402
+from otko.views.dialogs.assign_masses import AssignMassesDialog
 
 
 @pytest.mark.gui

tests/gui/test_assign_zls.py

@@ -6,12 +6,12 @@ import pytest
 
 pytest.importorskip("PySide6")
 
-from otko.core import (  # noqa: E402
+from otko.core import (
     ElasticSection,
     Node,
     Project,
 )
-from otko.views.dialogs.assign_zls import (  # noqa: E402
+from otko.views.dialogs.assign_zls import (
     AssignZeroLengthSectionDialog,
 )
 

tests/gui/test_canvas_grid_snap.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import pytest
 
 pytest.importorskip("PySide6")
 
-from otko.core import (  # noqa: E402
+from otko.core import (
     CoordinateGridSystem,
     CoordinateSystem,
     GridSystem,

tests/gui/test_case_forms.py

@@ -6,13 +6,13 @@ import pytest
 
 pytest.importorskip("PySide6")
 
-from otko.core import (  # noqa: E402
+from otko.core import (
     NodalLoad,
     PlainLoadPattern,
     StaticCase,
     TransientCase,
 )
-from otko.views.dialogs.case_forms import TransientCaseForm  # noqa: E402
+from otko.views.dialogs.case_forms import TransientCaseForm
 
 
 def _patterns():  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]

tests/gui/test_commands.py

@@ -11,15 +11,14 @@ import pytest
 
 pytest.importorskip("PySide6")
 
-from otko.commands import (  # noqa: E402
+from otko.commands import (
     AddElementsCommand,
     AddNodalLoadsCommand,
     AddNodesCommand,
-    DeleteElementsCommand,
     DeleteNodesCommand,
     SetRestraintCommand,
 )
-from otko.core import (  # noqa: E402
+from otko.core import (
     LinearTimeSeries,
     NodalLoad,
     Node,
@@ -27,7 +26,7 @@ from otko.core import (  # noqa: E402
     Steel01,
     TrussElement,
 )
-from otko.viewmodels import ProjectViewModel  # noqa: E402
+from otko.viewmodels import ProjectViewModel
 
 
 # ─────────────────────────── helpers ────────────────────────────────

tests/gui/test_convert_element_type.py

@@ -6,21 +6,21 @@ import pytest
 
 pytest.importorskip("PySide6")
 
-from otko.commands import (  # noqa: E402
+from otko.commands import (
     AddElementsCommand,
     AddMaterialsCommand,
     AddNodesCommand,
     AddSectionsCommand,
     ConvertElementTypeCommand,
 )
-from otko.core import (  # noqa: E402
+from otko.core import (
     ElasticBeamColumn,
     ElasticSection,
     ElasticUniaxial,
     Node,
     TrussElement,
 )
-from otko.viewmodels import ProjectViewModel  # noqa: E402
+from otko.viewmodels import ProjectViewModel
 
 
 def _vm_setup() -> ProjectViewModel:

tests/gui/test_define_dialogs.py

@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ import pytest
 
 pytest.importorskip("PySide6")
 
-from otko.core import LinearTimeSeries, Project  # noqa: E402
+from otko.core import LinearTimeSeries, Project
-from otko.views.dialogs.linear_time_series import LinearTimeSeriesDialog  # noqa: E402
+from otko.views.dialogs.linear_time_series import LinearTimeSeriesDialog
-from otko.views.dialogs.plain_pattern import PlainPatternDialog  # noqa: E402
+from otko.views.dialogs.plain_pattern import PlainPatternDialog
 
 
 @pytest.mark.gui

tests/gui/test_draw_frame_tool.py

@@ -11,11 +11,11 @@ import pytest
 
 pytest.importorskip("PySide6")
 
-from otko.commands import AddNodesCommand  # noqa: E402
+from otko.commands import AddNodesCommand
-from otko.core import ElasticBeamColumn, ElasticSection, Node  # noqa: E402
+from otko.core import ElasticBeamColumn, ElasticSection, Node
-from otko.viewmodels import ProjectViewModel  # noqa: E402
+from otko.viewmodels import ProjectViewModel
-from otko.views.canvas3d import SelectionState  # noqa: E402
+from otko.views.canvas3d import SelectionState
-from otko.views.tools.draw_frame import DrawFrameTool  # noqa: E402
+from otko.views.tools.draw_frame import DrawFrameTool
 
 
 class _CanvasStub:

tests/gui/test_draw_node_tool.py

@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ import pytest
 
 pytest.importorskip("PySide6")
 
-from otko.core import GridSystem, Node, Project  # noqa: E402
+from otko.core import GridSystem, Node
-from otko.viewmodels import ProjectViewModel  # noqa: E402
+from otko.viewmodels import ProjectViewModel
-from otko.views.canvas3d.selection import SelectionState  # noqa: E402
+from otko.views.canvas3d.selection import SelectionState
-from otko.views.tools.draw_node import (  # noqa: E402
+from otko.views.tools.draw_node import (
     DrawNodeTool,
     _snap_to_grid,
 )

tests/gui/test_draw_truss_tool.py

@@ -6,18 +6,17 @@ import pytest
 
 pytest.importorskip("PySide6")
 
-from otko.core import (  # noqa: E402
+from otko.core import (
     CoordinateGridSystem,
-    CoordinateSystem,
     ElasticUniaxial,
     GridSystem,
     Node,
     TrussElement,
     make_grid_lines,
 )
-from otko.viewmodels import ProjectViewModel  # noqa: E402
+from otko.viewmodels import ProjectViewModel
-from otko.views.canvas3d.selection import SelectionState  # noqa: E402
+from otko.views.canvas3d.selection import SelectionState
-from otko.views.tools.draw_truss import DrawTrussTool  # noqa: E402
+from otko.views.tools.draw_truss import DrawTrussTool
 
 
 class _CanvasStub:

tests/gui/test_grid_dialog.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import pytest
 
 pytest.importorskip("PySide6")
 
-from otko.core import (  # noqa: E402
+from otko.core import (
     CoordinateGridSystem,
     CoordinateSystem,
     GridLine,

tests/gui/test_material_dialog_concrete04.py

@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ import pytest
 
 pytest.importorskip("PySide6")
 
-from otko.core import Concrete04  # noqa: E402
+from otko.core import Concrete04
-from otko.views.dialogs.material_forms import (  # noqa: E402
+from otko.views.dialogs.material_forms import (
-    Concrete04Form,
     FORM_REGISTRY,
+    Concrete04Form,
 )
 
 

tests/gui/test_material_form_ranges.py

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import pytest
 
 pytest.importorskip("PySide6")
 
-from otko.views.dialogs.material_forms import (  # noqa: E402
+from otko.views.dialogs.material_forms import (
     Concrete01Form,
     Concrete02Form,
     Steel01Form,

tests/gui/test_path_ts_dialogs.py

@@ -8,17 +8,16 @@ import pytest
 
 pytest.importorskip("PySide6")
 
-from otko.commands import (  # noqa: E402
+from otko.commands import (
     AddLoadPatternCommand,
     AddTimeSeriesCommand,
 )
-from otko.core import (  # noqa: E402
+from otko.core import (
-    Node,
     PathTimeSeries,
     Project,
     UniformExcitationPattern,
 )
-from otko.viewmodels import ProjectViewModel  # noqa: E402
+from otko.viewmodels import ProjectViewModel
 
 
 # ─────────────── AddTimeSeriesCommand / AddLoadPatternCommand ──────────────

tests/gui/test_property_commands.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import pytest
 
 pytest.importorskip("PySide6")
 
-from otko.commands import (  # noqa: E402
+from otko.commands import (
     AddElementsCommand,
     AddMaterialsCommand,
     AddNodesCommand,
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ from otko.commands import (  # noqa: E402
     UpdateMaterialCommand,
     UpdateSectionCommand,
 )
-from otko.core import (  # noqa: E402
+from otko.core import (
     ElasticBeamColumn,
     ElasticSection,
     Node,
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ from otko.core import (  # noqa: E402
     Steel02,
     TrussElement,
 )
-from otko.viewmodels import ProjectViewModel  # noqa: E402
+from otko.viewmodels import ProjectViewModel
 
 
 def _vm_with_steel() -> ProjectViewModel:

tests/gui/test_property_forms.py

@@ -10,13 +10,10 @@ import pytest
 
 pytest.importorskip("PySide6")
 
-from otko.core import (  # noqa: E402
+from otko.core import (
-    Concrete01,
     Concrete02,
     ElasticIsotropic,
-    ElasticPP,
     ElasticSection,
-    ElasticUniaxial,
     Steel01,
     Steel02,
 )
@@ -100,10 +97,14 @@ def test_elastic_section_form_round_trip(qtbot) -> None:  # type: ignore[no-unty
 def test_form_for_dispatches_by_type(qtbot) -> None:  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
     from otko.views.dialogs.material_forms import (
         Steel01Form,
+    )
+    from otko.views.dialogs.material_forms import (
         form_for as material_form_for,
     )
     from otko.views.dialogs.section_forms import (
         ElasticSectionForm,
+    )
+    from otko.views.dialogs.section_forms import (
         form_for as section_form_for,
     )
 

tests/gui/test_pushover_curve_units.py

@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ import pytest
 
 pytest.importorskip("PySide6")
 
-from otko.core import UnitSystem  # noqa: E402
+from otko.core import UnitSystem
-from otko.services.results import PushoverResults  # noqa: E402
+from otko.services.results import PushoverResults
-from otko.views.docks.pushover_curve import (  # noqa: E402
+from otko.views.docks.pushover_curve import (
     PushoverCurveView,
     _is_rotation_dof,
 )

tests/gui/test_run_analysis.py

@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ import pytest
 
 pytest.importorskip("PySide6")
 
-from PySide6.QtCore import QObject, Signal  # noqa: E402
+from PySide6.QtCore import QObject, Signal
 
-from otko.core import LinearTimeSeries, PlainLoadPattern, Project, TransientCase  # noqa: E402
+from otko.core import LinearTimeSeries, PlainLoadPattern, TransientCase
-from otko.viewmodels import ProjectViewModel  # noqa: E402
+from otko.viewmodels import ProjectViewModel
-from otko.views.dialogs.run_analysis import RunAnalysisDialog  # noqa: E402
+from otko.views.dialogs.run_analysis import RunAnalysisDialog
 
 
 class _FakeRunner(QObject):

tests/gui/test_section_extrusion.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import pytest
 
 pytest.importorskip("PySide6")
 
-from otko.core import (  # noqa: E402
+from otko.core import (
     ElasticBeamColumn,
     ElasticSection,
     Node,

tests/gui/test_section_forms.py

@@ -7,14 +7,14 @@ import pytest
 
 pytest.importorskip("PySide6")
 
-from otko.core import (  # noqa: E402
+from otko.core import (
     AggregatorDOF,
     ElasticSection,
     FiberSection,
     RectangularPatch,
     SectionAggregator,
 )
-from otko.views.dialogs.section_forms import (  # noqa: E402
+from otko.views.dialogs.section_forms import (
     FORM_REGISTRY,
     form_for,
 )

tests/gui/test_selection.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import pytest
 
 pytest.importorskip("PySide6")
 
-from otko.views.canvas3d import SelectionState  # noqa: E402
+from otko.views.canvas3d import SelectionState
 
 
 @pytest.mark.gui

tests/gui/test_transforms.py

@@ -6,15 +6,15 @@ import pytest
 
 pytest.importorskip("PySide6")
 
-from otko.commands import (  # noqa: E402
+from otko.commands import (
     AddElementsCommand,
     AddNodesCommand,
     MirrorCommand,
     MoveNodesCommand,
     ReplicateCommand,
 )
-from otko.core import Node, Steel01, TrussElement  # noqa: E402
+from otko.core import Node, Steel01, TrussElement
-from otko.viewmodels import ProjectViewModel  # noqa: E402
+from otko.viewmodels import ProjectViewModel
 
 
 def _populated_vm() -> ProjectViewModel:

tests/gui/test_tree_multi_select.py

@@ -6,10 +6,9 @@ import pytest
 
 pytest.importorskip("PySide6")
 
-from PySide6.QtCore import Qt  # noqa: E402
+from PySide6.QtWidgets import QTreeWidget
-from PySide6.QtWidgets import QTreeWidget  # noqa: E402
 
-from otko.core import Node  # noqa: E402
+from otko.core import Node
 
 
 @pytest.mark.gui

tests/gui/test_units_status_bar.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import pytest
 
 pytest.importorskip("PySide6")
 
-from otko.core import UnitSystem  # noqa: E402
+from otko.core import UnitSystem
 
 
 @pytest.mark.gui

tests/gui/test_update_element_fields.py

@@ -6,18 +6,18 @@ import pytest
 
 pytest.importorskip("PySide6")
 
-from otko.commands import (  # noqa: E402
+from otko.commands import (
     AddElementsCommand,
     AddMaterialsCommand,
     AddNodesCommand,
     UpdateElementFieldsCommand,
 )
-from otko.core import (  # noqa: E402
+from otko.core import (
     ElasticUniaxial,
     Node,
     TrussElement,
 )
-from otko.viewmodels import ProjectViewModel  # noqa: E402
+from otko.viewmodels import ProjectViewModel
 
 
 def _vm_with_truss() -> ProjectViewModel:

tests/gui/test_working_plane.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import pytest
 
 pytest.importorskip("PySide6")
 
-from otko.core import (  # noqa: E402
+from otko.core import (
     CoordinateGridSystem,
     GridSystem,
     Project,

tests/integration/test_basic_truss.py

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import pytest
 
 pytest.importorskip("openseespy")
 
-from otko.services.opensees_runner import OpenSeesRunner  # noqa: E402
+from otko.services.opensees_runner import OpenSeesRunner
 
 pytestmark = pytest.mark.slow
 
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ def test_basic_truss_matches_opensees_tcl_reference() -> None:
     a linear rescale of the Tcl model — any deviation would flag a
     real solver/translation issue.
     """
-    from examples.basic_truss import build_basic_truss, IN_TO_M
+    from examples.basic_truss import IN_TO_M, build_basic_truss
 
     proj = build_basic_truss()
     runner = OpenSeesRunner(proj)
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ def test_basic_truss_matches_opensees_tcl_reference() -> None:
 def test_basic_truss_round_trips(tmp_path) -> None:  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
     """The example project must survive save/load without any information loss."""
     from examples.basic_truss import build_basic_truss
+
     from otko.services import load_project, save_project
 
     p = build_basic_truss()

tests/integration/test_beam_quad_2d.py

@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ import pytest
 
 pytest.importorskip("openseespy")
 
-from otko.services import load_project, save_project  # noqa: E402
+from otko.services import load_project, save_project
-from otko.services.opensees_runner import OpenSeesRunner  # noqa: E402
+from otko.services.opensees_runner import OpenSeesRunner
 
 pytestmark = pytest.mark.slow
 

tests/integration/test_combinations.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import pytest
 
 ops = pytest.importorskip("openseespy.opensees")  # skip if OpenSeesPy not installed
 
-from otko.core import (  # noqa: E402
+from otko.core import (
     ElasticBeamColumn,
     ElasticSection,
     LinearTimeSeries,
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ from otko.core import (  # noqa: E402
     Project,
     StaticCase,
 )
-from otko.services import OpenSeesRunner, evaluate_combination  # noqa: E402
+from otko.services import OpenSeesRunner, evaluate_combination
-from otko.services.results import StaticResults  # noqa: E402
+from otko.services.results import StaticResults
 
 pytestmark = pytest.mark.slow
 

tests/integration/test_concrete04_runner.py

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import pytest
 
 pytest.importorskip("openseespy")
 
-from otko.core import (  # noqa: E402
+from otko.core import (
     Concrete04,
     FiberSection,
     ForceBeamColumn,
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ from otko.core import (  # noqa: E402
     StaticCase,
     UnitSystem,
 )
-from otko.services.opensees_runner import OpenSeesRunner  # noqa: E402
+from otko.services.opensees_runner import OpenSeesRunner
 
 pytestmark = pytest.mark.slow
 

tests/integration/test_dof_coverage.py

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import pytest
 
 pytest.importorskip("openseespy")
 
-from otko.core import (  # noqa: E402
+from otko.core import (
     ElasticUniaxial,
     LinearTimeSeries,
     NodalLoad,
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ from otko.core import (  # noqa: E402
     StaticCase,
     TrussElement,
 )
-from otko.services.opensees_runner import OpenSeesRunner  # noqa: E402
+from otko.services.opensees_runner import OpenSeesRunner
 
 pytestmark = pytest.mark.slow
 

tests/integration/test_eigen_two_storey_one_bay_frame.py

@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ import pytest
 
 pytest.importorskip("openseespy")
 
-from otko.core import ModalCase  # noqa: E402
+from otko.core import ModalCase
-from otko.services import load_project, save_project  # noqa: E402
+from otko.services import load_project, save_project
-from otko.services.opensees_runner import OpenSeesRunner  # noqa: E402
+from otko.services.opensees_runner import OpenSeesRunner
 
 pytestmark = pytest.mark.slow
 

tests/integration/test_eigen_two_storey_shear_frame.py

@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ import pytest
 
 pytest.importorskip("openseespy")
 
-from otko.core import ModalCase  # noqa: E402
+from otko.core import ModalCase
-from otko.services import load_project, save_project  # noqa: E402
+from otko.services import load_project, save_project
-from otko.services.opensees_runner import OpenSeesRunner  # noqa: E402
+from otko.services.opensees_runner import OpenSeesRunner
 
 pytestmark = pytest.mark.slow
 

tests/integration/test_elastic_frame.py

@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ import pytest
 
 pytest.importorskip("openseespy")
 
-from otko.core import ModalCase, StaticCase  # noqa: E402
+from otko.core import ModalCase, StaticCase
-from otko.services import load_project, save_project  # noqa: E402
+from otko.services import load_project, save_project
-from otko.services.opensees_runner import OpenSeesRunner  # noqa: E402
+from otko.services.opensees_runner import OpenSeesRunner
 
 pytestmark = pytest.mark.slow
 
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ def _reload(proj, tmp_path):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
 def test_elastic_frame_gravity_reactions(tmp_path) -> None:  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
     """ΣFy at base = total applied gravity (distributed w × beam × floors)."""
     from examples.elastic_frame import (
-        BAY,
         LOAD_F1,
         LOAD_F2,
         LOAD_F3,
@@ -70,7 +69,6 @@ def test_elastic_frame_gravity_reactions(tmp_path) -> None:  # type: ignore[no-u
 def test_elastic_frame_gravity_plus_lateral_reactions(tmp_path) -> None:  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
     """ΣFx at base must equal -(lateral applied) within PDelta tolerance."""
     from examples.elastic_frame import (
-        BAY,
         LOAD_F1,
         LOAD_F2,
         LOAD_F3,
@@ -120,5 +118,5 @@ def test_elastic_frame_modal_periods(tmp_path) -> None:  # type: ignore[no-untyp
     # 0.1930, 0.1562, 0.130 s. Our solve nails these within 1.5%.
     expected = [1.040, 0.3526, 0.1930, 0.1562, 0.130]
     periods = [2.0 * math.pi / math.sqrt(v) for v in r.eigenvalues]
-    for i, (T, T_ref) in enumerate(zip(periods, expected), start=1):
+    for i, (T, T_ref) in enumerate(zip(periods, expected, strict=False), start=1):
-        assert T == pytest.approx(T_ref, rel=0.02), f"T{i} = {T:.4f} s, reference {T_ref:.4f} s"
+        assert pytest.approx(T_ref, rel=0.02) == T, f"T{i} = {T:.4f} s, reference {T_ref:.4f} s"

tests/integration/test_ex1a_canti2d.py

@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ import pytest
 
 pytest.importorskip("openseespy")
 
-from otko.core import PushoverCase, TransientCase  # noqa: E402
+from otko.core import PushoverCase, TransientCase
-from otko.services import load_project, save_project  # noqa: E402
+from otko.services import load_project, save_project
-from otko.services.opensees_runner import OpenSeesRunner  # noqa: E402
+from otko.services.opensees_runner import OpenSeesRunner
 
 pytestmark = pytest.mark.slow
 

tests/integration/test_ex1a_canti2d_eq.py

@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ import pytest
 
 pytest.importorskip("openseespy")
 
-from otko.services import load_project, save_project  # noqa: E402
+from otko.services import load_project, save_project
-from otko.services.opensees_runner import OpenSeesRunner  # noqa: E402
+from otko.services.opensees_runner import OpenSeesRunner
 
 pytestmark = pytest.mark.slow
 

tests/integration/test_ex1b_portal2d.py

@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ import pytest
 
 pytest.importorskip("openseespy")
 
-from otko.core import PushoverCase, TransientCase  # noqa: E402
+from otko.core import PushoverCase, TransientCase
-from otko.services import load_project, save_project  # noqa: E402
+from otko.services import load_project, save_project
-from otko.services.opensees_runner import OpenSeesRunner  # noqa: E402
+from otko.services.opensees_runner import OpenSeesRunner
 
 pytestmark = pytest.mark.slow
 

tests/integration/test_ex2a_canti2d_elastic_element.py

@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ import pytest
 
 pytest.importorskip("openseespy")
 
-from otko.core import PushoverCase, TransientCase  # noqa: E402
+from otko.core import PushoverCase, TransientCase
-from otko.services import load_project, save_project  # noqa: E402
+from otko.services import load_project, save_project
-from otko.services.opensees_runner import OpenSeesRunner  # noqa: E402
+from otko.services.opensees_runner import OpenSeesRunner
 
 pytestmark = pytest.mark.slow
 

tests/integration/test_ex2b_canti2d_inelastic_section.py

@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ import pytest
 
 pytest.importorskip("openseespy")
 
-from otko.core import PushoverCase, TransientCase  # noqa: E402
+from otko.core import PushoverCase, TransientCase
-from otko.services import load_project, save_project  # noqa: E402
+from otko.services import load_project, save_project
-from otko.services.opensees_runner import OpenSeesRunner  # noqa: E402
+from otko.services.opensees_runner import OpenSeesRunner
 
 pytestmark = pytest.mark.slow